National Things of India

National Things of India

National Flag: 

• The national flag is the horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top (Represents courage), White in the middle (Represents purity) and dark green at the bottom (Represents Fertility) in equal proportion.
• The ratio of width of the flag to it’s length is 2:3.
• In the centre of the flag a white band of navy blue wheel (also called Dharma chakra or the wheel of law) having 24 spokes is present.
• The present form of Indian national flag was adopted as an official flag of the Dominion of India by the constituent Assembly on 22^nd of July 1947.
• The Indian national flag is designed by the TingaliVenkayya of Andhra Pradesh based on the Swaraj Flag.
• The 1^st National flag in India is said to have been hoisted on 7^th August 1906 in the parsee Bagan Square (Green Park) in Kolkata. 2^nd Paris by Madame Cama in 1907. 3^rd Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak in 1917 during Homerate Movement.
• A flag is made by using a special type of hand span cloth called Khadi by law.
• The flag is solely manufactured by the Kanataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha from 2009.
• The first flag committee was headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
• Supreme Court declared the right to hoist flag as a fundamental right under Act 19(i)a of the constitution 2002. Flag hoisting in India is regulated by Flag Code of India, 2002.

National Emblem:

• Lion Capital of Asoka at Sarnath has been adopted by the Indian Government as the National Emblem of India.
• It was adopted on 26^th of Jan 1950, when India become a republic.
• The National Emblem contains only 3 lions standing with their joint back on a pillar. It also contains Dharma Chakra (Wheel of law) with a Bull on right and horse on the left and the outlines of other wheels on extreme right and left.
• The word “Satyameva Jayate” from Mundaka Upanishad meaning “Truth Alone Triumphs” inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari Script.

National Anthem:

• The National Anthem of India “Jana Gana mana” composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore was adopted as national Anthem of India by the Constituent Assembly on 24^th of Jan 1950.
• It was 1^st sung on 27^th of Dec 1911 at Kolkata session of the Indian National Congress.
• The complete song consists of 5 stanzas. The 1^st stanza contains the full versions of the National Anthem.
• Playing time of the full version of the National Anthem is approx. 52 sec
• A short version consisting of the 1^st and last lines of stanza is also played on certain occasions. It’s playing time is approx. 20 sec.
• It was translated to English by R. Tagore and given music in Madanapalle.
• Ram Singh composed the music for India’s National Anthem.
• The song was first published in Jan 1912 under the title “Bharat Vidhata” in TittvaBodhriRatrika.
• The song was translated in English in 1919 with the title “Morning Song of India”.

National Song:

• The song “VandeMataram” in Sanskrit by Bankim Chandra Chatterji was officially adopted as the National song of India on Jan 24 1950.
• The song has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian Freedom shall be honoured equally with “Jana – Gana – Mana” and shall have equal status with it.
• It was 1^st sung by Rabindranath Tagore in a political context of the INC in 1896.
• It was derived from Bankim Chandra’s most famous Novel “Anandmath” (1882). It was translated to English by Sir Aurobindo Ghose in 1909.

National Animal:

• Royal Bengal Tiger (Zoological name is Panthera Tigris) is largest carnivores only found in the Indian subcontinent, has been adopted as the National animal of India.
• In order to protect Tiger “Project Tiger” was lunched in April 1973.
• In India there are 23 tiger reserves have been made for their safety and protection from getting endangered.
• Lion was the National Animal of India till 1972.

National Bird:

• Indian Peacock (Zoological name Pavi Cristates) has been designated as the National bird of India.
• It symbolizes prettiness, pride and holiness. Peacock is considered as vehicle of lord Murugan in Hinduism and symbol of Resurrection in the Christianity.

National Flower:

• Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn) is a scared Indian flower has been adopted as the national flower of India in 1950.
• It symbolizes the fertility, knowledge, prosperity, honour, long life, good fortune, purity of health and mind.

National Fruit:

Mango (Botanical name is Mangifera Indica) is the national fruit of India. It is also called as “King of all fruits”.

National Tree:

• Indian “Banyan Tree” (Botanical name Feca Bengalensis) has been adopted as the national tree of India
• It is considered as the immortal tree because it has capability to grow new plants in a very large area through it’s root themselves.

National Aquatic Animal:

• Gangetic Dolphin (Zoological name Platanista gangetica) has been adopted as the national aquatic animal.
• It represents the purity of holy Ganga river because it survives only in pure and holy Ganga river.

National Currency:

• Indian Rupee (ISO code INR) is officially the currency of the Republic of India.
• The RBI controls the issue of the Indian currency.
• The Indian rupee is symbolized as ‘₹’ (Devanagari Consonant) and Latin Letter ‘R’ which was adopted in 2010.
• The coin in India with rupee symbol was launched on 8^th July 2011.
• A website named “Paisa Bolta Hai” has been launched by the RBI to order to raise awareness among the people of India about the fake currency.
• D Udadya Kumar a past graduate from Bombay IIT designed a Rupee symbol of India.

National Game:

“Hockeyk” is the national game of India. India own 8 Olympic gold medals in 6 consecutive wins.

National Calender:

Saka Calendar is the official civil calendar of India (78 AD) with Chaitra as its first month and Phalguna as its last month with anormal year of 365 days adopted from March 22, 1957 along with the Gregorian Calendar.

National Heritage Animal:

Elephant is the national Heritage Animal of India.

The zoological name of Asian elephant is Elephas MaximusIndicus.

National Monument of India:

• India Gate is the national monument of India.
• The original name was All India War Memorial.
• Located in New Delhi.
• It was designed by – Edwin Latynes, 1931.

National River:

Ganga is the National River of India.